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Bones and Joints

Bones are what make up the skeletal structure in the body and keep it upright. They also serve the crucial function of protecting the soft organs in the body. The joints, or points at which two bones are fitted together, help keep the skeleton mobile. It enables bodies to move with fluidity and protects the bones and muscles from fractures and tears.

Facts about Bones

Bones and Joints

1. The human body has 206 bones!
2. The human foot has 26 bones, while the human hand (and wrist) has 54 bones.
3. Bones are made up of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and other minerals as well as the protein collagen.
4. Bones marrow, which is a thick, jelly like substance in the center of the bone, produces red and white blood cells.
5. Bones are actual living organs, which look very different from the bones you see in museums.

Facts about Joints
1. Joints contain ligaments, which are tough, fibrous tissue that connect one bone to another.
2. Tendons contain elastic tissue that connects muscle to bones.
3. Bones are covered with a thick material called cartilage that keeps the bones from rubbing together.
4. Some joints move, while others do not. Most joints are mobile, but there are joints in the skull that do not move.

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Bone Diagram

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A Closer Look at Joints

Here is a more in-depth look at joints in the body. Link

Children's Literature


Concept Planner

bones_and_joints_concept_planner.docx
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File Type: docx
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Join John and Hank Green as they explore the world of bones and the skeletal system! Link

Optional Additional Information

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​Example: Elbow Joint Diagram

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Bone and Joint Vocabulary

Bone any of the pieces of hard, whitish tissue making up the skeleton in humans and other vertebrates.
Joint a structure in the human or animal body at which two parts of the skeleton are fitted together.
Bone Marrow a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced (often taken as typifying strength and vitality).
Ligament a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.
Vertebrates an animal of a large group distinguished by the possession of a backbone or spinal column, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.
Tendon a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.
Collagen the main structural protein found in skin and other connective tissues, widely used in purified form for cosmetic surgical treatments.
Cartilage firm, whitish, flexible connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract, in structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It is more widespread in the infant skeleton, being replaced by bone during growth.
Synovial Joint  joins bones with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones' articulating surfaces

Get the full word list here.

Additional Resources

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COSI holds a series of interactive, science-based exhibitions geared towards children.
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Ohio Health has a state-of-the-art bone and joint center for anyone experiencing pain or trouble in their skeletal system. 
​Link.
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The American Museum of Natural History, located in New York, New York, has an online resource center for all things "-ology"!
Link.

Want more in depth content knowledge? 
Go to the National Science Teachers Association for articles, books and free online modules. you do not need to be a member to access many of the resources.

NSTA
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